Hydraulic Control Valves for Forklift

Forklift Hydraulic Control Valve - The job of directional control valves is to be able to direct the fluid to the desired actuator. Generally, these control valves comprise a spool positioned within a housing made either from steel or cast iron. The spool slides to various locations in the housing. Intersecting channels and grooves direct the fluid based on the spool's position.

The spool has a central or neutral location that is maintained with springs. In this location, the supply fluid is blocked or returned to the tank. If the spool is slid to a direction, the hydraulic fluid is directed to an actuator and provides a return path from the actuator to tank. When the spool is moved to the other direction, the supply and return paths are switched. As soon as the spool is enabled to return to the center or neutral position, the actuator fluid paths become blocked, locking it into position.

Normally, directional control valves are made to be able to be stackable. They generally have one valve per hydraulic cylinder and a fluid input which supplies all the valves in the stack.

In order to avoid leaking and handle the high pressure, tolerances are maintained really tight. Typically, the spools have a clearance with the housing of less than a thousandth of an inch or 25 µm. In order to avoid distorting the valve block and jamming the valve's extremely sensitive parts, the valve block will be mounted to the machine' frame by a 3-point pattern.

The position of the spool can be actuated by hydraulic pilot pressure, mechanical levers, or solenoids that push the spool right or left. A seal allows a part of the spool to protrude outside the housing where it is accessible to the actuator.

The main valve block is generally a stack of off the shelf directional control valves chosen by flow performance and capacity. Some valves are designed to be on-off, while others are designed to be proportional, as in valve position to flow rate proportional. The control valve is one of the most costly and sensitive components of a hydraulic circuit.

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